The Splachnaceae species (Bryophyta) from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina: spores and their dispersion modes

Abstract

The Splachnaceae family is a bryological component of the temperate forests of Nothofagus in the Fuegian region of Argentina. It is represented by the Tayloria genera with three species, T. dubyi (endemic), T. magellanica, T. mirabilis, and Tetraplodon, with a single specie Tetraplodon fuegianus. They grow on organic substrates of animal origin and are the only family among mosses in the area in which entomochory is observed (i.e. dispersion of spores through insects). From herbarium material, the taxonomic features of gametophytes and sporophytes which allow species to be identified are described. Spores were studied with OM and SEM. Dispersal vectors for Tayloria mirabilis and morfo-ecological adaptations associated with entomochory were observed and analyzed. Mosses are differentiated from their leaves and the morphology and color of the sporophyte capsules. The spores, similar in the studied species, are dispersed in sticky masses, they are spheroidal, monoletes, 8-13 μm of diameter with a pitted-reticulate ornamentation. The dispersing agents mostly correspond to the order Diptera. The Splachnaceae family has developed adaptive strategies in relation to substrate (coprophilous gametophytes), in striking and showy sporophytes morphologies and in a particular dispersal mode of the spores by insects. All these morpho-ecological adaptations contribute to an effective action of the dispersing agents in the muscinal biocenosis.