Burials and offerings: mortuary, agricultural and culinary practices in the XIII and XIV centuries in Tinogasta (Catamarca, Argentina)

Abstract

This paper presents the archaeobotanical assemblage analysis carried out at two burial contexts from Western Tinogasta (Catamarca, Argentina). Las Champas and Bebé de La Troya sites show botanical macro remains that allow inquiring into the role of these vegetables in funerary practices and its implications within societies of Catamarca during the late period. Our aims are to characterize social practices involved in the presence of plant remains as grave goods, identifying cooking processing on these remains, trying in this way to go beyond the taxonomic identification. In both archaeological sites, plant macroremains and soil samples were analyzed with naked eye, stereo-binocular microscope, and transmitted light microscope. Archaeological plant samples were taxonomically identified based on diagnostic characters and post-harvest processing practices were detected following ethnoarchaeological features. At Las Champas site Cucurbita aff. maxima subsp. maxima and Chenopodium quinoa var. melanospermum seeds with processing features, together with a Lagenaria siceraria artifact were recovered. Grasses and cf. Zea mays microremains were present in soil samples. At Bebé de La Troya, Cucurbita aff. maxima subsp. maxima seeds and Prosopis sp. endocarps without processing features were identified. These results enable to suggest the presence of seeds, food and clothes as grave goods. These three ways of plant deposits show different intentional funerary practices as well as allow inquiring into culinary and agricultural aspects of later societies of Catamarca province.